Diagnostic specialties in Medicine

Clinical laboratory sciences are the clinical diagnostic services which apply laboratory techniques to diagnose and treat a patient. In the United States this service under the guidance of a medical expert. Personnel working in the medical laboratory staff trained technical departments that do not have medical degrees, but it usually has a degree in medical technology, which actually make the tests, tests and procedures necessary to provide specific services. Narrow including transfusion medicine, cellular pathology, clinical chemistry, hematology, clinical microbiology and clinical immunology.

Pathology as a medical specialty is the branch of medicine related to diseases and morphological studies, physiological changes caused by them. As a special diagnostic, pathology can be considered as a basis for modern scientific medical knowledge and plays a large role in evidence-based medicine. Many modern molecular tests such as flow cytometry, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry, cytogenetics, gene rearrangements studies and fluorescent hybridization on the spot (FISH), included in the area of pathology.

Radiology images associated with the human body, for example, X-Ray, X-ray computed tomography, ultrasound, and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.

Nuclear medicine studies related to human organ systems by providing the labeled substances (radiopharmaceuticals) to the body, which can then be imaged outside the body with gamma camera or PET scanner. Each radiopharmaceutical consists of two parts: specific tracers for the study of functions (eg, neurotransmitters lines, metabolic pathways, blood flow, or other), as well as radionuclide (as a rule, both gamma emitter or a positron). There is overlap between the levels of nuclear medicine and radiology, as evidenced by the emergence of composite devices, such as PET / CT scanner.

Clinical neurophysiology associated with testing the physiology and functions of the central and peripheral aspects of the nervous system. Tests of this kind can be divided into the record: (1) spontaneous or continuously running electrical activity, or (2) to reach an incentive. Narrow include electroencephalography, electromyography, resulting in potential, nerve conduction study and polysomnography. Sometimes these tests are carried out technicians without medical training, but the interpretation of these tests carried out by specialists in the field of medicine.